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1.
Clin Electroencephalogr ; 34(1): 18-22, 2003 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12515448

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: A high prevalence of sleep disorders is reported in patients affected by Mucopolysaccharidosis III (Sanfilippo syndrome). These disorders have never been investigated by prolonged, objective, and instrumental evaluations. The present work is based on sleep duration and structure in Sanfilippo patients. STUDY DESIGN: The features of sleep/wake cycle in 6 Sanfilippo patients and 6 healthy controls were evaluated by means of sleep diaries and 48 hour ambulatory EEG and polygraphic recordings. Statistical analysis was performed by means of the U-test (Mann-Whitney). RESULTS: Four out of six Sanfilippo patients, the oldest patients in our sample, showed an extremely irregular sleep pattern, with several sleep episodes of inconstant duration, irregularly distributed along 24 hours. The two younger patients showed sleep maintenance insomnia with several nocturnal awakenings. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that sleep disruption in Sanfilippo syndrome consists of an irregular sleep/wake pattern, which at its onset might appear as a disorder of initiating or maintaining sleep. This could explain why same patients do not respond to conventional hypnotics. The present observation might suggest attempting therapies aimed at resynchronization, such as behavioral treatment, light therapy or melatonin.


Assuntos
Mucopolissacaridose III/complicações , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/etiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Polissonografia , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/fisiopatologia
2.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 33(supl.1): 65-70, 1 oct., 2001.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-27336

RESUMO

Introducción. La hiperactividad es un problema significativo en casi todos los varones afectados por el síndrome X frágil (SXF), la enfermedad hereditaria más frecuente de retraso mental. Los enfoques terapéuticos se basan actualmente en estimulantes del sistema nervioso central (SNC), cuyos mecanismos de funcionamiento y su eficacia no están claramente definidos, a la vez que reducen el limitado tiempo de atención del paciente. Desarrollo. Un estudio piloto con 17 varones con SXF tratados con L-acetilcarnitina (LAC) durante un año demostró una reducción significativa en el comportamiento hiperactivo evaluado con el cuestionario Conners de padres y profesores. El uso de LAC en pacientes con SXF se deriva de la hipótesis que las propiedades bioquímicas y fisiológicas de esta sustancia pueden preservar la actividad cerebral. La LAC es una molécula pequeña hidrosoluble que se difunde fácilmente en el espacio extracelular y entra en cualquier célula del sistema nervioso por medio de un transportador específico. Las diferentes áreas del cerebro utilizan de forma diferente esta molécula para metabolizar la glucosa y lípidos para abastecer de ATP y la síntesis de neurotransmisores. El grupo acetilo presente en la LAC representa un elemento de señalización metabólica de gran importancia, posiblemente mediando su efecto en el SNC. La administración exógena de LAC puede afectar la actividad cerebral en el SXF por: modulación o administración de carburante para la producción de energía, que a nivel mitocondrial se asocia con el papel metabólico de la síntesis de neurotransmisores del ciclo de Krebs; remodelación de la membrana lipídica en función de la determinación activa, por parte de la LAC, de la producción de ácidos grasos polinsaturados, y efecto preferencial en el componente de atención del sistema colinérgico que depende de su peculiar modalidad de comunicación en el SNC. Un estudio explorativo, doblemente ciego, controlado con placebo y multicéntrico, se está llevando a cabo en función de estas premisas. Se incluirá una población total de 160 niños de nueve centros europeos. El objetivo del estudio es determinar el efecto de la LAC en el comportamiento hiperactivo de los niños con SXF de acuerdo con la evaluación del cuestionario Conners de padres y profesores (AU)


Assuntos
Masculino , Criança , Humanos , Hipercinese , Estrutura Molecular , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil , Acetilcarnitina , Síndrome do Cromossomo X Frágil , Projetos Piloto , Testes Neuropsicológicos
3.
Rev Neurol ; 33 Suppl 1: S65-70, 2001 Oct.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12447823

RESUMO

Hyperactivity is a significant problem for almost all young males affected by fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common inherited disease causing mental retardation. Therapeutical approaches are actually based on Central Nervous System (CNS) stimulants lacking a well defined rationale and efficacy while they further decrease the patient's limited attention span. A pilot study on 17 fragile X male treated with L-acetylcarnitine (LAC) over one year, showed a significant reduction of their hyperactivity behaviour tested by the Conners Abbreviated Parent-Teacher Questionnaire. LAC use in FXS patients derives from the hypothesis that the biochemical and physiological properties this substance has may preserve brain activity. LAC is a small, hydrosoluble molecule that easily diffuses in the extracellular space and enters any cell in the nervous system through specific transporters. Different cerebral areas use this molecule differently to metabolize glucose and lipids to provide for ATP and neurotrasmitters synthesis. The acetyl group LAC carriers represents a key metabolic signaling element possibly mediating its effect in the CNS. The exogenous administration of LAC may affect brain activity in FXS by: I) modulation of fuel partitioning for energy production, which at the mithocondrial level is associated with the Kreb's cycle metabolic role in neurotransmitter synthesis; II) remodelling of lipid membrane in terms of LAC actively determining the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids; III) preferential effect on the attention component of the cholinergic system which relies on its peculiar modality of communication in the CNS. Based on the above premises an explorative, double-blind, placebo controlled, multicenter study is ongoing. A total population of 160 children from nine European centers will be enrolled. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of LAC on the hyperactive behaviour of FXS children as evaluated by the administration of the Conners Abbreviated Parent Questionnaire.


Assuntos
Acetilcarnitina/uso terapêutico , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome do Cromossomo X Frágil/tratamento farmacológico , Hipercinese/tratamento farmacológico , Acetilcarnitina/química , Criança , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Síndrome do Cromossomo X Frágil/complicações , Humanos , Hipercinese/etiologia , Masculino , Estrutura Molecular , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Projetos Piloto
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